Elizabeth Stafford

Female Abt 1550 -


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   Date  Event(s)
1550 
  • 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
1551 
  • 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage
1552 
  • Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
1553 
  • 6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
  • 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
1554 
  • 1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives
  • 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
1556 
  • 21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
1558 
  • 1558—1558: System of Counties adopted
  • 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
  • 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
  • 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
  • 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
1559 
  • 1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
  • 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
  • 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle
  • 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England
1560 
  • 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
  • 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
10 1561 
  • 1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
  • 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
11 1562 
  • 1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies
12 1563 
  • 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
13 1564 
  • 26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
14 1565 
  • 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
15 1566 
  • 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
16 1567 
  • 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
  • 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
  • 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
17 1568 
  • 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
18 1569 
  • 1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
19 1570 
  • 25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
20 1571 
  • 1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
  • 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
  • 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
  • 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
21 1577 
  • 1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
22 1579 
  • 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
23 1580 
  • 1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
  • 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
  • 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
24 1581 
  • 1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
  • 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
  • 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world
25 1583 
  • 1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
  • 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
  • Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland
26 1584 
  • 4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
27 1585 
  • 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
28 1587 
  • 1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
  • 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
  • 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
  • 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
29 1588 
  • 1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
  • 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
  • 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
30 1591 
  • 1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
31 1592 
  • 1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
  • 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
32 1593 
  • 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
33 1594 
  • 1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
34 1597 
  • 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed
35 1598 
  • 1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
36 1600 
  • 1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
  • 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
37 1601 
  • 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
  • 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
38 1602 
  • 20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
  • 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
39 1603 
  • 24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
  • 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
40 1604 
  • 1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
41 1605 
  • 5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
42 1606 
  • 1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
  • 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
  • 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
  • 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
43 1607 
  • 14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America
44 1608 
  • 1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610
45 1610 
  • 1610—1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
46 1611 
  • 1611—1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
  • 22 May 1611—22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
47 1613 
  • 1613—1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small
  • 29 Jun 1613—29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth (finally pulled down in 1644)
48 1616 
  • 23 Apr 1616—23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
49 1618 
  • 1618—1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
50 1619 
  • 4 Dec 1619—4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas)
51 1620 
  • 1620—1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley
  • 21 Dec 1620—21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
52 1621 
  • 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
53 1622 
  • 1622—1622: First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'
54 1624 
  • 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected
  • 1624—1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
55 1625 
  • 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
  • 27 Mar 1625—27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
56 1628 
  • 1 Mar 1628—1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date
57 1629 
  • 10 Mar 1629—10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea
58 1633 
  • Jun 1633—Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
59 1635 
  • 1635—1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started
  • 1635—1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
60 1636 
  • 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
61 1638 
  • 1638—1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousands of Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
62 1639 
  • 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
63 1640 
  • 3 Nov 1640—3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish invasion
64 1641 
  • 1641—1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England
  • 1641—1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland
  • 23 Oct 1641—23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
65 1642 
  • 1642—1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers
  • 1642—1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)
  • 22 Aug 1642—22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to 1649)
  • 13 Nov 1642—13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London
  • 24 Nov 1642—24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)
  • 18 Dec 1642—18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
66 1643 
  • 13 Dec 1643—13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St Lawrence's church
67 1644 
  • 29 Jun 1644—29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge - Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces
  • 2 Jul 1644—2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York - Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists
68 1645 
  • 1645—1645: Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland
  • 1645—1645: Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at 420,000
  • 1645—1645: Plague made its last appearance in Scotland
  • 14 Jun 1645—14 Jun 1645: Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces
69 1646 
  • 5 May 1646—5 May 1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark
  • 20 Jun 1646—20 Jun 1646: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
70 1648 
  • 1648—1648: Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox
  • 1648—1648: First practical thermometers made
71 1649 
  • 1649—1649: Cromwell's Irish campaign starts
  • 1649—1649: King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
  • 6 Jan 1649—6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial
  • 30 Jan 1649—30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed
  • 19 May 1649—19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared
  • 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Theatres banned by Cromwell
  • 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
72 1650 
  • 1650—1650: Coffee brought to England about this time
73 1651 
  • 1651—1651: The second English Civil War (1651-1652)
  • 1651—1651: Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America
  • 3 Sep 1651—3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
74 1653 
  • 1653—1653: Commonwealth registers start
  • 1653—1653: Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land
  • 1653—1653: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
  • 20 Apr 1653—20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
  • 16 Dec 1653—16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
75 1657 
  • 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]
  • 1657—1657: A few Jews permitted to settle in England
76 1658 
  • 1658—1658: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)
  • 3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
77 1659 
  • 1659—1659: Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK
  • 6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
78 1660 
  • 1660—1660: Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
  • 1660—1660: Provincial Probate Courts re-established
  • 1660—1660: Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom
  • 1660—1660: Composition of light discovered by Newton
  • 1660—1660: Honourable East India Company founded by British
  • 1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary
  • 29 May 1660—29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened
  • 17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn
  • 28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society
  • 8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)

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