Elizabeth

Female 1658 - 1736  (78 years)


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   Date  Event(s)
1658 
  • 1658—1658: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)
  • 3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
1659 
  • 1659—1659: Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK
  • 6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
1660 
  • 1660—1660: Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
  • 1660—1660: Provincial Probate Courts re-established
  • 1660—1660: Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom
  • 1660—1660: Composition of light discovered by Newton
  • 1660—1660: Honourable East India Company founded by British
  • 1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary
  • 29 May 1660—29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened
  • 17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn
  • 28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society
  • 8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)
1661 
  • 1661—1661: Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland
  • 1661—1661: Board of Trade founded in London
  • 1661—1661: Hand-struck postage stamps first used
  • 1661—1661: Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office
  • 30 Jan 1661—30 Jan 1661: Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!
1662 
  • 1662—1662: 'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)
  • 1662—1662: Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)
  • 1662—1662: Tea introduced to Britain
  • 24 Aug 1662—24 Aug 1662: Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - Episcopalian Church of England restored
1664 
  • 29 May 1664—29 May 1664: Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Prayer and people wore sprigs of oak with gilded oak-apples on that day.
  • 27 Aug 1664—27 Aug 1664: Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York
1665 
  • 1665—1665: Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000
  • 1665—1665: Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain
  • 7 Nov 1665—7 Nov 1665: The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom
1666 
  • 1666—1666: Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester
  • 1666—1666: Newton formulated Laws of Gravity
  • 2 Sep 1666—2 Sep 1666: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)
1668 
  • 1668—1668: British East India Company obtains control of Bombay
  • 1668—1668: Newton constructs reflecting telescope
10 1669 
  • 31 May 1669—31 May 1669: Last entry in Pepys's diary
11 1670 
  • 26 May 1670—26 May 1670: King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover
12 1671 
  • 9 May 1671—9 May 1671: Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels
13 1672 
  • 1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
  • 1672—1672: War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men
14 1673 
  • 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
15 1674 
  • 10 Nov 1674—10 Nov 1674: Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain
16 1675 
  • 1675—1675: Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury
  • 1675—1675: Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)
  • 4 Mar 1675—4 Mar 1675: John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England
  • 10 Aug 1675—10 Aug 1675: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
17 1676 
  • 1676—1676: Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
18 1677 
  • 1677—1677: Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published
19 1678 
  • 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
20 1679 
  • 1679—1679: Tories first so named
  • 27 May 1679—27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time)
21 1680 
  • 1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
  • 1680—1680: Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
22 1681 
  • 1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
  • 1681—1681: Oil lighting first used in London streets
23 1682 
  • 1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
  • 1682—1682: Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
  • 1682—1682: Halley observes the comet which bears his name
24 1683 
  • 1683—1683: Wild boar become extinct in Britain
  • 6 Jun 1683—6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain
25 1685 
  • 1685—1685: James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men
  • 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland
  • 1685—1685: Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported
26 1686 
  • 1686—1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
27 1687 
  • 4 Apr 1687—4 Apr 1687: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics and non-conformists
  • 5 Jul 1687—5 Jul 1687: Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' - written in Latin
28 1688 
  • 1688—1688: British Army raised to 40,000
  • 1688—1688: Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament
  • 1688—1688: Hearth Tax abolished
  • 1688—1688: Mutiny Act
  • Feb 1688—Feb 1688: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens - later became Lloyd's of London
  • Nov 1688—Nov 1688: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates
  • 5 Nov 1688—5 Nov 1688: William of Orange lands at Torbay
  • Dec 1688—Dec 1688: Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)
29 1689 
  • 1689—1689: Devonport naval dockyard established
  • 13 Feb 1689—13 Feb 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)
  • 12 Mar 1689—12 Mar 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690)
  • 24 May 1689—24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists
  • 27 Jul 1689—27 Jul 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost
  • 16 Dec 1689—16 Dec 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war
30 1690 
  • 20 May 1690—20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
31 1692 
  • 1692—1692: Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Tax.
  • 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to nothing
  • 13 Feb 1692—13 Feb 1692: The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald
32 1693 
  • 4 Aug 1693—4 Aug 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne
33 1694 
  • 1694—1694: National Debt came into effect in England
  • 1694—1694: Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
  • 1694—1694: Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
  • 1694—1694: Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
  • 1694—1694: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
  • 27 Jul 1694—27 Jul 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
34 1695 
  • 1695—1695: Freedom of Press in England granted
  • 1695—1695: Bank of Scotland founded
  • 1695—1695: Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)
  • 1695—1695: Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
35 1697 
  • 2 Dec 1697—2 Dec 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
36 1698 
  • 1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
  • 1698—1698: Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
  • 1698—1698: Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
  • 4 Jan 1698—4 Jan 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
  • 14 Nov 1698—14 Nov 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
37 1700 
  • 1700—1700: Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
38 1701 
  • 1701—1701: Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
  • 23 May 1701—23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
39 1702 
  • 8 Mar 1702—8 Mar 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen
  • 11 Mar 1702—11 Mar 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
40 1703 
  • 4 Aug 1703—4 Aug 1703: British take Gibraltar
  • 24 Nov 1703—24 Nov 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
41 1704 
  • 1704—1704: Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
  • 13 Aug 1704—13 Aug 1704: Battle of Blenheim
42 1705 
  • 1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)
  • 1705—1705: Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
43 1706 
  • 1706—1706: First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
44 1707 
  • 16 Jan 1707—16 Jan 1707: Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March
  • 1 May 1707—1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
45 1708 
  • 1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
  • 1708—1708: Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
46 1709 
  • 1709—1709: Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
  • 1709—1709: First Copyright Act pass
  • 1709—1709: Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain
  • 2 Feb 1709—2 Feb 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
47 1710 
  • 1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
48 1711 
  • 1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
  • 11 Aug 1711—11 Aug 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
49 1712 
  • 1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
  • 1712—1712: Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
  • 1712—1712: Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
50 1713 
  • 1713—1713: By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
51 1714 
  • 1714—1714: Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
  • 1714—1714: Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
  • 1714—1714: Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
  • 1 Aug 1714—1 Aug 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
52 1715 
  • 1715—1715: Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
  • 1 Aug 1715—1 Aug 1715: Riot Act passed
53 1716 
  • 1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
  • 1716—1716: Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
54 1717 
  • 1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
  • 1717—1717: Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
55 1719 
  • 1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
56 1720 
  • 1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt
  • 1720—1720: Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth
  • 1720—1720: Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
57 1721 
  • 2 Apr 1721—2 Apr 1721: Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
58 1722 
  • 1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
  • 1722—1722: Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
59 1723 
  • 1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
  • 1723—1723: The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827
  • 1723—1723: The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
60 1724 
  • 1724—1724: Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
  • 1724—1724: Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
61 1726 
  • 1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
  • 1726—1726: Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
62 1727 
  • 1727—1727: Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
  • 11 Jun 1727—11 Jun 1727: George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
63 1729 
  • 9 Nov 1729—9 Nov 1729: Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
64 1730 
  • 1730—1730: Irish famine
65 1731 
  • 1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
  • 1731—1731: Invention of sextant by John Hadley
66 1732 
  • 7 Dec 1732—7 Dec 1732: Covent Garden Opera House opens
67 1733 
  • 1733—1733: Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
  • 1733—1733: Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
  • 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
68 1734 
  • 1734—1734: Kent's Directory published

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